Aerial photographs of the 1964 Niigata, Japan, earthquake
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posted on 2025-06-04, 10:09 authored by Ikuo Towhata, Nozomu YoshidaThis collection of photographs was taken by Fukuo Yuminamochi, a professional photographer living in Niigata, immediately after the 1964 Niigata, Japan, earthquake. The photographs and drawings published here are high-resolution versions of those included in the paper. The images are released under CC BY-SA and may be freely used by anyone without requesting permission from the current copyright holder, the Geotechnical Society of Japan, provided that credit is given to the photographer, Mr. Fukuo Yuminamochi, and the copyright holder, the Japanese Geotechnical Society.
Fig. 1: Overturned apartment building in Kawagishi-Cho, Niigata, that was situated on loose sandy ground without pile foundation (Reconnaissance team, University of Tokyo)Fig. 2: Mr. Yuminamochi (left) and Mr. Sato (right), the pilot, in Niigata Airport on June 27, 1984
Fig. 4: Mr. Yuminamochi's Nikon 8-mm movie camera (left) and Linhof Technika still large-format camera (right) for color photographs with 4'×5' film with 150-mm lens (he had two more cameras that were Speed Graphic for black-and-white 4'×5' photographs with 127-mm lens and Asahi Pentax with 35-mm and 135-mm telescope lenses) (photograph provided by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 6: First scene of Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture in which sand ejection has not yet started with an arrow suggesting heaving of ground surface
Fig. 7: Beginning of ejection of sand and water in front of the terminal building (captured from Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture)
Fig. 8: Black smoke coming from the oil refinery (captured and enlarged from Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture)
Fig. 9: Ejected water spreading into the airport apron (1) (captured from Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture)
Fig. 10: Ejected water spreading into the airport apron (2) (captured from Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture)
Fig. 11: Terminal building inundated by deeper ejected water (captured from Mr. Yuminamochi's motion picture)
Fig. 13: Fire of oil refinery as seen from the airport area (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 14: One of the two runways of Niigata Airport towards the right from which the aircraft took off (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 15: Fire of oil refinery from short distance (1) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 16: Fire of oil refinery from short distance (2) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 17: Fire of oil refinery from short distance (3) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 18: The area of what was going to be the second fire of oil refinery near the sea (not yet started) in front of the first fire (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 19: Fires in Matsushima-2 on the north bank of Tsusen River (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 20: Fire in Fujishima-3 on the left bank of Shinano River (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 21: Old map of Niigata in 1849 (IITT Imagery Bank)
Fig. 23: Old map of Niigata published in 1889, showing the Bandai Bridge across the river (IITT Imagery Bank)
Fig. 24: Bandai Bridge (1) (still photo taken of the south bank of the river by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 25: Bandai Bridge (2) (still photo taken of the south bank of the river by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 27a: Fall of Showa Bridge and the substantial damage of the revetment wall along the river (1) (river flow towards the bottom of photo) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Arrow showing Hakusan Elementary School in which ejected ground water is visible as a patch on the surface.
Fig. 27b: Fall of Showa Bridge and the substantial damage of the revetment wall along the river (1) (river flow towards the bottom of photo) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Details of liquefaction damage in the Hakusan Elementary School.
Fig. 28: Fall of Showa Bridge and the substantial damage of the revetment wall along the river (2) (downstream to the left) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 29: Aerial view from the Showa Bridge towards the mouth of the Shinano River (1) in which the three bridges are the fallen Showa Bridge on the front side, the Yachiyo Bridge in the middle and the Bandai arch bridge at the far distance (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 30: Aerial view from the Showa Bridge towards the mouth of the Shinano River (2) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 32a: Aerial view of the upstream direction from the Showa Bridge area (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Entire view (the Echigo Railway Bridge at far side survived the earthquake)
Fig. 32b: Aerial view of the upstream direction from the Showa Bridge area (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Extraction of the part of the tilting Kawagishi-Cho apartment buildings (location indicated by arrows)
Fig. 33: Liquefaction around the sports complex near the Showa Bridge (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 34: Liquefaction in and around the baseball stadium (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 35: Athletic stadium that was just completed for the national sports festival in June 1964 (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 36: People seeking for dry place near the Hakusan Station of Echigo Railway (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 37: People seeking for dry evacuation place (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 38: Subsidence and lateral spread of the Echigo Line railway embankment (Shinano River and Kawagishi-Cho Apartment Buildings located to the left of this picture) (photograph by University of Tokyo)
Fig. 39: View on the south bank of the Shinano River; from the Bandai Bridge along the East Main Street, towards the Niigata Railway Station (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 40: Akashi Street near the Niigata Station in which the road surface is flooded by liquefaction ejecta
Fig. 41: Tilting of RC building in Akashi Street resting on liquefied subsoil (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 42: Contrast in damage extents of heavier RC building and lighter wooden two-storey house17) (this photograph can be used for academic/engineering purposes freely with reference to the literature 17; no request for permission needed)
Fig. 43: Damage detail of the tilted building in Figs. 41 and 42 (Reconnaissance team of Civil Engineering Department, University of Tokyo)
Fig. 44: Bandai Exit on the north side of the Niigata Station (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 45: View towards the east of Niigata Central Station (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 46: Damage of railway overpass bridge (1) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 47: Damage of railway overpass bridge (2) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 48: Damage of railway overpass bridge (3) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 49: Damage of railway overpass bridge (4) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 50: Fall-down of Matsuhama Bridge across the Agano River (a new bridge was under construction next to this old one at the time of the earthquake) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 51: Small boat helping people from a taxi on the Matsuhama Bridge (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 52: Collapse of both old and new Matsuhama Bridge (the new bridge in front was under construction) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 53: Inundation of the Niigata Airport, viewed after flying over the city (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi after his flight over the city)
Fig. 54: No structural damage in the airport building in spite of its substantial liquefaction-induced subsidence (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 55: 1.2-meter subsidence of airport building caused by liquefaction (no damage in structure and window glasses) (University of Tokyo)
Fig. 57: Cracks and distortion of the airport runway due to heterogeneous subsidence after liquefaction (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 58a: First fire in the oil refinery (1) (magnification of still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Overall view.
Fig. 58b: First fire in the oil refinery (1) (magnification of still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Broken roof of oil tanks (partially enlarged photograph)
Fig. 58c: First fire in the oil refinery (1) (magnification of still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi). Possible oil leakage shown by brown smear on tank walls (partially enlarged photograph)
Fig. 59: First fire in the oil refinery (2) (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi)
Fig. 60: Last photograph of Niigata after which the aircraft departed for Tokyo (still photo taken by Mr. Yuminamochi at around 2 PM after flying over the city)
Fig. 62: Mr. Yuminamochi and his Nikon 8-mm movie camera that recorded the ongoing liquefaction (during the authors' interview on May 13, 2023, in Niigata) (IITT Imagery Bank)
History
Corresponding author email address
towhata.ikuo.ikuo@gmail.comTitle (in Japanese)
1964年新潟地震―空撮写真集Description (in Japanese)
本写真集は，新潟在住のプロカメラマン弓納持福夫氏が，1964年新潟地震の発生直後に空港および新潟市街地を上空から撮影したものである．ここに公開されている写真ならびに図面は論文中に採録されているものの高解像度版である．この撮影画像はCC BY-SAで公開され，撮影者である弓納持福夫氏と著作権者である地盤工学会のクレジットを明記することを条件に，現在の著作権者である地盤工学会の許可を申請することなく，誰でも自由に使用することができる。 Fig. 1：ゆるい砂地盤上に設置された川岸町アパートの倒壊．（東京大学土木工学科教官調査団撮影） Fig. 2：弓納持福夫氏（左）とパイロットの佐藤正敏氏（右）．（1984年6月27日新潟空港にて撮影） Fig. 4：弓納持氏の使用したニコン8ミリ撮影機とリーンホフ・テクニカカメラ．（弓納持氏提供の写真） Fig. 6：液状化動画の冒頭部，まだ噴砂は始まっていない，矢印は地表の膨張らしき状況を示す． Fig. 7：ターミナルビル前で土砂と水の噴出が始まった瞬間．（弓納持氏の動画よりキャプチャ） Fig. 8：製油所から上がる黒煙．（弓納持氏の動画よりキャプチャ，拡大） Fig. 9：空港エプロンに広がる噴出水（1）．（弓納持氏の動画よりキャプチャー） Fig. 10：空港エプロンに広がる噴出水（2）．（弓納持氏の動画よりキャプチャー） Fig. 11：水没しつつある空港ビル．（弓納持氏の動画よりキャプチャー） Fig. 13：機内左側座席に着席した弓納持氏による製油所火災の状況．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 14：新潟空港の2本の滑走路のうち，飛行機が離陸した右側の滑走路が噴出水に覆われつつある．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 15：製油所の火災（1）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 16：製油所の火災（2）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 17：近距離から撮影した製油所の火災．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 18：製油所の火災現場の手前は夕刻になって発生することになる第二火災のエリア．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 19：通船川北岸松島二丁目の火災．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 20：信濃川北岸藤島三丁目の火災．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 21：1849年の新潟．（IITT Imagery Bank） Fig. 23：1889年の新潟，万代橋が架橋された．（IITT Imagery Bank） Fig. 24：万代橋南岸の地震後の状況（1）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 25：万代橋南岸の地震後の状況（2）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 27a：昭和橋の落橋と川沿いの護岸壁の大幅な損傷（1）（写真下が下流方向）．（弓納持氏撮影）．矢印は，噴出した地下水が表面に斑点として見える白山小学校の位置． Fig. 27b：昭和橋の落橋と川沿いの護岸壁の大幅な損傷（1）（写真下が下流方向）．（弓納持氏撮影）．白山小学校被災の詳細． Fig. 28：昭和橋の落橋と川沿いの護岸壁の大幅な損傷（2）（下流は写真左側）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 29：昭和大橋から信濃川河口方面の空撮（1）手前が落橋した昭和橋，中央が八千代橋，奥が万代橋．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 30：昭和大橋から信濃川河口方面の空撮（2）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 32a：昭和大橋から信濃川上流方向を望む全景．奥の越後鉄橋は震災を免れた．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 32b：昭和大橋から信濃川上流方向を望む．矢印は川岸町アパートの部分の拡大写真．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 33：昭和大橋付近の競技場周辺の液状化被害．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 34：野球場周辺の液状化被害．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 35：陸上競技場周辺の液状化被害．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 36：越後線白山駅周辺で，水におおわれていない場所に避難する人々．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 37：乾いた地面に避難する人々．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 38：越後線盛土の沈下と側方流動（写真左に信濃川と川岸町アパートが位置する）．（東京大学撮影） Fig. 39：信濃川南岸，万代橋上空から新潟駅方向を望む．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 40：液状化による噴出物で路面が冠水した新潟駅近くの明石通り． Fig. 41：明石通りの傾斜したRCビル．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 42：重いRC造の建物と軽い木造2階建て住宅の損傷範囲の対比（文献17）．（この写真は文献17を参考に学術的・工学的に自由に使用できる） Fig. 43：ビルディングの傾斜状況の詳細．（東京大学土木工学科教官調査団撮影） Fig. 44：新潟駅北側万代口．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 45：新潟駅東方の鉄道線路の状況．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 46：東跨線橋の落下（1）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 47：東跨線橋の落下（2）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 48：東跨線橋の落下（3）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 49：東跨線橋の落下（4）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 50：阿賀野川に架かる松浜橋（旧橋）の落橋．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 51：松浜橋に取り残された自動車乗客を助ける小舟．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 52：新旧両方の松浜大橋が崩落（手前の新橋（1スパン崩落）は建設中だった）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 53：上空飛行後に見た新潟空港の浸水状況．（上空飛行後に弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 54：甚大な液状化に比して構造物に被害の無いことが特徴．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 55：後日撮影した液状化による空港ビルの1.2m沈下（構造物，窓ガラスに被害なし）．（東京大学撮影） Fig. 57：液状化後の不等沈下による空港滑走路の亀裂と歪み．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 58a：製油所の最初の火災（1）．タンク側壁に茶色い染みが見える．（弓納持氏撮影の写真を拡大） Fig. 58b：製油所の最初の火災（1）．タンク側壁に茶色い染みが見える．壊れた石油タンクの屋根．（弓納持氏撮影の写真を拡大） Fig. 58c：製油所の最初の火災（1）．タンク側面の茶色い部分は油漏れを意味するのか．（弓納持氏撮影の写真を拡大） Fig. 59：製油所の最初の火災（2）．（弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 60：東京へ向けて出発した新潟の最後の写真（午後2時頃，上空を飛行した後，弓納持氏撮影） Fig. 62：液状化の動画を撮影した8ミリカメラを持つ弓納持氏（2023年5月13日新潟市内にて）Authors (in Japanese)
東畑 郁生, 吉田 望Copyright
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