Simultaneous Detection of Lead and Cadmium Ion Concentrations in Rice with Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Ionic Liquid/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes (Supporting Information)

In this paper, an ionic liquid (IL) was dripped onto a reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) and composite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) used as an electrochemical sensor. The sensor was used to detect the lead and cadmium ions codeposited with bismuth ions in rice by differential pulse voltammetry. The method exhibited good linearity and perfect applicability. The developed sensor was used to determine the contents of lead and cadmium in rice, and the results were compared with those of the certified method; there was no significant difference between the developed sensor and the certified method at the 95 % confidence level, so the method could be applied in practice.