Results of analyses from the tuffs in the Pliocene Mukaiyama Formation, Sendai area, Japan.

Table S1. Heavy mineral occurrences and abundances in the studied tuffs from the Mukaiyama Formation. ◎:abundant, 〇: common, △: rare, ×: absent. Red symbols for zircon indicate that most zircon grains are bright red in color.

Table S2. Results of LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analyses of zircon grains from the studied tuffs. Each analysis was performed on a different grain.

Table S3. Major and trace element compositions of apatite from the studied tuffs, analyzed using wavelength disper  sive spectrometry on an electron probe microanalyser (JEOL 8530F). Each analysis was performed on a different grain.