Ionic Conduction and Electric Modulus in Li₂S–CaS and Ca<i>X</i>₂ (<i>X</i> = F, Cl, Br, and I) Nanocomposites (Supporting Information)

<p>Technology for ion conduction in Li₂S nanostructure has attracted considerable interest for achieving the intrinsic performance of Li-S batteries and for obtaining highly conductive materials. Herein, a quantitative relationship between ion transport and relaxation behavior in the Li₂S–CaS nanocomposite is revealed based on complex conductivity and electric modulus formalism. Li₂S–CaS nanocomposites prepared by high-energy ball milling show higher conductivity and activation energy for conduction than pure Li₂S. The activation energy for relaxation is lower than the activation energy for conduction in 80Li₂S·20CaS (mol%). The long-range ion transport involves high activation energy compared with the hopping of carriers at localized states in 80Li₂S·20CaS. Additionally, the dual doping of Ca and halogen reduces the activation energy for conduction and improves the conductivity of Li₂S. The findings show important insight for understanding ion transport in nanocomposites containing a Li₂S nanostructure.</p>