Infrared spectra and filtration characteristics of composite membranes of polyhydroxyalkanoate and cellulose

<p><br></p><ul><li>(Fig3.csv) <b>Fig. 3, ATR–FTIR spectra of PHA and cloth sides of a PHA–lint cloth composite filter. </b><b>Those of a PHA pellet and lint cloth are also shown for comparison. One unit of scale on the y-axis corresponds to 20%.</b><br>(Method) Infrared spectra were obtained using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (IR Affinity-1S, Shimadzu) with a single-pass attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling accessory (Quest ATR Diamond Accessory, Specac).</li><li>(Fig4.csv) <b>Fig. 4, Effect of PHA concentration on membrane resistance and retention of yeast cells by PHA-lint cloth composite membranes prepared from PHA solutions in DMF (</b><b><i>n</i></b><b> = 4). Filtration was performed using PHA side of the membranes.</b><br>(Method) Dead-end filtration experiments were performed in an unstirred filtration cell (Amicon Model 8010, Millipore) and a support screen (19301203, ADVANTEC TOYO). Water was used to measure the permeation resistance of the membranes. Filtration was performed at a transmembrane pressure of 10 kPa and 25±2 ºC. The membrane resistance was calculated from the permeation flux, permeation flux for water, filtration resistance, filtration time, permeation volume per unit filtration area, transmembrane pressure, and viscosity of the permeate, respectively. Suspensions of 0.1% dry yeast in purified water were used to measure particle retention. The absorbance of the initial 30 min permeate at 660 nm (or the initial 10 cm3 permeate if filtration was completed within 30 min) was used to monitor the retention.</li><li>(Fig5.csv) <b>Fig. 5, Filtration of yeast cell suspensions by PHA-lint cloth composite membranes from PHA and cloth sides.</b><br>(Method) Dead-end filtration experiments were performed in an unstirred filtration cell (Amicon Model 8010, Millipore) and a support screen (19301203, ADVANTEC TOYO). Filtration was performed at a transmembrane pressure of 10 kPa and 25±2 ºC. Suspensions of 0.1% dry yeast in purified water were used to perform the filtration of microbial suspensions.</li><li>(Fig6.csv) <b>Fig. 6, Reciprocal of permeation flux vs. filtration volume per unit area in filtration of yeast cell suspension by PHA-lint cloth composite membranes.</b><br>(Method) Dead-end filtration experiments were performed in an unstirred filtration cell (Amicon Model 8010, Millipore) and a support screen (19301203, ADVANTEC TOYO). Filtration was performed at a transmembrane pressure of 10 kPa and 25±2 ºC. Suspensions of 0.1% dry yeast in purified water were used to perform the filtration of microbial suspensions. The reciprocal values of permeation flux were plotted against the filtration volumes per unit area in the filtrations</li></ul><p></p>