Chemical Fluctuation in Olivine-type LiFe<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>0.6</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> Single Particle as Confirmed by Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy Mapping (Supporting Information)
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posted on 2024-11-29, 02:35 authored by Mitsunori KITTA, Satoshi UCHIDA<div>The olivine-type Li(Fe, Mn)PO<sub>4</sub> positive electrode material is an alternative for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> because of its higher energy density. In this study, chemical fluctuations in the Li(Fe, Mn)PO<sub>4</sub> single particles were investigated using chemical mapping based on transmission electron microscopy. Spectral imaging based on electron energy-loss spectroscopy revealed the heterogeneous distribution of Mn and Fe in a single particle. The oxidation state of Fe fluctuated significantly in the elemental distribution compared with that of Mn, and Fe<sup>3+</sup> was preferentially distributed in the Fe-rich domains of the particles. Natural air oxidation generates Fe<sup>3+</sup> without batteries reactions. The spatial fluctuation of the Fe valence is affected by the local distribution of Mn and Fe.</div>
